What is Alopecia Areata?

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss on the scalp, face, and sometimes other areas of the body. It is non-scarring, and happens when the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to hair falling out in patches.  

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What Causes Alopecia Areata?

The exact cause of alopecia areata is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an autoimmune reaction. Genetics play a role, and the condition may run in families. Other potential triggers may include stress, viral infections, and environmental factors.

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What Are the Symptoms?

The primary symptom of alopecia areata is hair loss. This usually happens in small, round patches on the scalp but can also affect the eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body hair. The skin in the affected areas appears smooth and normal. In some cases, people may experience tingling, itching, or burning sensations in the areas where hair loss is occurring.  These symptoms can present at any age.

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How Does Alopecia Areata Progress?

Alopecia areata varies greatly from person to person. Some people may experience hair loss in just a few small patches, while others may lose more extensive areas of hair. The condition can progress unpredictably, with hair growing back in one area and falling out in another. 

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How is Alopecia Areata Diagnosed?

Alopecia areata is usually diagnosed through a clinical examination by a dermatologist. The doctor will look at the pattern of hair loss and may perform a gentle pull test to see how easily hairs come out.  Typically a biopsy will not be performed. 

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What Are the Treatment Options?

While there is no cure for alopecia areata, there are several treatment options that may help manage the condition and promote hair regrowth:

• Topical Treatments: Steroid creams, ointments, or solutions applied directly to the affected areas can reduce inflammation and promote hair growth.

• Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the affected areas can stimulate hair regrowth.

• Oral Medications: Medications like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants can help manage severe cases.

• Topical Immunotherapy: This involves applying chemicals like diphencyprone/diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) to the scalp to provoke an allergic reaction that can stimulate hair growth.

• Light Therapy (PUVA): A combination of a drug called psoralen and ultraviolet A (UVA) light therapy can be effective.

• JAK inhibitors have recently been approved in the United States, Canada, and Europe for children 12 years and up and adults

• Alternative Therapies: Some people explore acupuncture, essential oils, or herbal supplements, though scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited.

 

Various treatment options might be advantageous for individuals with milder cases, although the rate of relapse remains high.  It is therefore important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine which treatment option(s) are best suited, as alopecia areata is individualized.

 

How Can One Cope with Alopecia Areata?

Coping with alopecia areata can be challenging, both emotionally and physically. Here are some strategies that may help:

• Support Groups: Joining a support group can provide a sense of community and shared experiences.

• Counseling: Speaking with a therapist can help manage the emotional impact of hair loss.

• Cosmetic Solutions: Wigs, hairpieces, and hats can help cover hair loss and boost confidence.

• Education: Learning about the condition can reduce anxiety and empower you to make informed decisions about treatment and care.

• Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising, and reducing stress can improve overall well-being and potentially influence the course of the condition.

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Conclusion

Alopecia areata is a complex and often unpredictable condition, but understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help manage it effectively. If you suspect you have alopecia areata or are looking for ways to cope with it, consult with a healthcare professional to explore the best options for your individual needs.

References:

F. Rajabi, L.A. Drake, M.M. Senna, N. Rezaei, Alopecia areata: a review of disease pathogenesis, British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 5, 1 November 2018, Pages 1033–1048, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.16808

 

Darwin E, Hirt PA, Fertig R, Doliner B, Delcanto G, Jimenez JJ. Alopecia Areata: Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and New Treatment Options. Int J Trichology. 2018 Mar-Apr;10(2):51-60. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_99_17. PMID: 29769777; PMCID: PMC5939003.

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Disclaimer: The information provided in the Alopecia Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) section is intended for general informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. While we strive to offer accurate and up-to-date content, the FAQs are not a substitute for professional diagnosis, treatment, or advice from qualified healthcare providers. Individual experiences with alopecia may vary, and it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized medical guidance. We do not endorse any specific treatments, products, or services mentioned in the FAQs. Reliance on any information provided in this section is solely at your own risk.